The makers

Artists

Lives shaped by scriptoria, workshops, patrons, pilgrimages and the stubborn intelligence of materials. Begin with a focused launch index designed to grow from verified museum data.

7 makers

11445–1491

Late Gothic

Martin Schongauer

German artist (c. 1450–1491).

2active Paris, 1319–34

Opening of the Hours of Jeanne d’Evreux with facing grisaille miniatures

Gothic

Jean Pucelle

A Parisian illuminator whose grisaille miniatures and inventive margins set the standard for French court books in the early fourteenth century.

3active France, by 1399–1416

Folio from the Belles Heures with Saint Jerome in a woman’s dress

International Gothic

The Limbourg Brothers

Three brothers from Nijmegen whose books for Jean de Berry brought a new attention to landscape, weather and daily life into the illuminated page.

4active by 1278–died 1318

Duccio’s small Madonna and Child with a painted parapet

Gothic

Duccio di Buoninsegna

The founder of the Sienese school, who joined Byzantine gold-ground tradition to a new tenderness of gesture and expression.

51266/76–1337

Giotto’s Adoration of the Magi on a gold ground

Gothic

Giotto di Bondone

A Florentine painter whose solid figures and legible spaces changed how narrative could be told on a wall or a panel.

6active by 1315–died 1344

Gothic

Simone Martini

A Sienese painter of refined line and courtly elegance who carried Italian painting to the papal court at Avignon.

7c. 1460–1531

Riemenschneider’s alabaster Saint Jerome drawing a thorn from the lion’s paw

Late Gothic

Tilman Riemenschneider

A Würzburg sculptor whose unpainted limewood altarpieces and finely worked stone figures mark the last phase of Gothic carving in Germany.